The immune system provides innate immunity and adaptive immunity.
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Innate immunity: nonspecific defence mechanisms. Keeps invaders out or neutralizes them shortly after they get into our bodies. It can distinguish between self (what is allowed) and non-self (what is not allowed inside the body). E.g, the physical barrier of the skin, hair in the nose etc.
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Adaptive immunity: neutralizes invaders when they get past inate immunity. Recognizes antigens (unique proteins which help identify the type of pathogen), like a signature. It reads these signatures and creates specialized white blood cells called lymphocytes when it sees pathogens to be destroyed.
The immune system has memory and can remember a pathogen the next time it sees it to know how to respond.
The immune system has many different components, so the concept of boosting a specific part of it won’t work. E.g, the body expels excess vitamins if you take too much.
The one thing that definitely works to boost the immune system is a vaccine. It contains a weakened form of the pathogen that has the antigen signature which triggers the adaptive response.